Income Tax Calculator
Estimate your US federal income tax using 2024 tax brackets. See your effective rate, marginal rate, and bracket-by-bracket breakdown. See also Sales Tax Calculator and Salary Calculator.
How to Calculate Federal Income Tax
US federal income tax uses a progressive bracket system. First, subtract the standard deduction from your gross income to get taxable income. Then apply each tax rate only to the income that falls within that bracket. For example, a single filer earning $75,000 in 2024 has a standard deduction of $14,600, leaving $60,400 in taxable income. The first $11,600 is taxed at 10%, the next $35,550 at 12%, and the remaining $13,250 at 22%.
Income Tax Formula
Taxable Income = Gross Income − Standard Deduction
Tax = Σ (Income in Bracket × Bracket Rate)
Effective Rate = Total Tax / Gross Income × 100
Marginal Rate = Rate of the highest bracket reached
Example
Gross Income: $75,000 (Single filer, 2024)
Standard Deduction: $14,600
Taxable Income: $75,000 − $14,600 = $60,400
$11,600 × 10% = $1,160.00
$35,550 × 12% = $4,266.00
$13,250 × 22% = $2,915.00
Total Tax = $8,341.00
Effective Rate = 11.12%
2024 Federal Tax Brackets Reference
| Rate | Single | Married Filing Jointly | Head of Household |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | $0 – $11,600 | $0 – $23,200 | $0 – $16,550 |
| 12% | $11,601 – $47,150 | $23,201 – $94,300 | $16,551 – $63,100 |
| 22% | $47,151 – $100,525 | $94,301 – $201,050 | $63,101 – $100,500 |
| 24% | $100,526 – $191,950 | $201,051 – $383,900 | $100,501 – $191,950 |
| 32% | $191,951 – $243,725 | $383,901 – $487,450 | $191,951 – $243,700 |
| 35% | $243,726 – $609,350 | $487,451 – $731,200 | $243,701 – $609,350 |
| 37% | $609,351+ | $731,201+ | $609,351+ |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?
Your marginal rate is the rate on your last dollar of income — the highest bracket you reach. Your effective rate is the average rate across all your income (total tax / gross income). The effective rate is always lower than the marginal rate because lower brackets are taxed at lower rates.
What is the standard deduction for 2024?
For 2024, the standard deduction is $14,600 for single filers, $29,200 for married filing jointly, and $21,900 for head of household. Taxpayers age 65+ or blind get an additional deduction.
Does this include state income tax?
No, this calculator only estimates federal income tax. State income tax varies widely — some states have no income tax (Texas, Florida, Nevada), while others have rates up to 13.3% (California). You would need to add state tax separately.
Does this include FICA taxes?
No. FICA taxes (Social Security at 6.2% and Medicare at 1.45%) are separate from income tax. For 2024, Social Security tax applies to the first $168,600 of earnings. An additional 0.9% Medicare tax applies to earnings over $200,000 for single filers.