Gravel Calculator
Calculate how much gravel, crushed stone, or sand you need in cubic yards and tons for driveways, paths, and landscaping. See also Concrete Calculator and Mulch Calculator.
Area Dimensions
Cost Estimate (optional)
How Much Gravel Do I Need?
To determine how much gravel you need, measure the length, width, and desired depth of your project area. Convert the depth from inches to feet, then multiply all three dimensions to get cubic feet. Divide by 27 to convert to cubic yards, then multiply by the material density to get tons. Most gravel suppliers sell by the ton or cubic yard, so knowing both measurements helps you compare prices and order accurately.
Gravel Volume and Weight Formula
Volume (cu ft) = Length (ft) x Width (ft) x Depth (in) / 12
Cubic Yards = Volume (cu ft) / 27
Tons = Cubic Yards x Material Density (tons/cu yd)
Common Densities:
Gravel: 1.4 tons/cu yd
Crushed Stone: 1.5 tons/cu yd
Pea Gravel: 1.35 tons/cu yd
River Rock: 1.3 tons/cu yd
Sand: 1.5 tons/cu yd
Example Calculation
Driveway: 20 ft x 10 ft x 3 inches deep
Volume = 20 x 10 x (3/12) = 50 cu ft
Cubic yards = 50 / 27 = 1.85 cu yd
Tons (gravel) = 1.85 x 1.4 = 2.59 tons
Compaction Factor
Gravel compacts when installed and driven over. Loose gravel typically compacts 20-30% after installation. For a finished depth of 3 inches, you should order enough material for 3.5-4 inches of loose coverage. Crushed stone with angular edges compacts more than rounded river rock. Mechanical compaction with a plate compactor provides the best results for driveways and paths.
Delivery Tips
- Most suppliers require a minimum order of 1-2 tons for delivery.
- A standard dump truck holds 10-14 tons of gravel.
- Delivery fees typically range from $50-$150 depending on distance.
- Ensure the delivery truck can access your property — check for low branches and narrow gates.
- Mark the dump location clearly before the truck arrives.
- One cubic yard of gravel covers about 100 sq ft at 3 inches deep.
Material Densities and Coverage Rates
| Material | Density (tons/cu yd) | Lbs per Cu Ft | Coverage at 2 in (sq ft/ton) | Best Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gravel (3/4") | 1.4 | 100 | 100 | Driveways, drainage |
| Crushed Stone | 1.5 | 105 | 90 | Base material, driveways |
| Pea Gravel | 1.35 | 96 | 105 | Walkways, decorative |
| River Rock | 1.3 | 90 | 110 | Landscaping, dry beds |
| Sand | 1.5 | 100 | 90 | Base layer, leveling |
| Decomposed Granite | 1.4 | 100 | 100 | Paths, patios |
| Limestone | 1.5 | 105 | 90 | Driveways, base |
Frequently Asked Questions
How deep should gravel be for a driveway?
A gravel driveway should be 4-6 inches deep total, typically installed in layers: 4 inches of larger crushed stone base topped with 2 inches of finer gravel. Each layer should be compacted before adding the next.
How many tons of gravel do I need for my driveway?
A typical single-car driveway (12 ft x 25 ft) at 4 inches deep needs about 2.5 cubic yards or 3.5 tons of gravel. A two-car driveway (20 ft x 25 ft) needs about 4.1 cubic yards or 5.8 tons.
What is the difference between gravel and crushed stone?
Gravel is naturally weathered with rounded edges, while crushed stone is mechanically broken with angular edges. Crushed stone compacts better and is preferred for driveways and base material. Gravel is better for decorative applications and drainage.
Should I put landscape fabric under gravel?
Yes, landscape fabric helps prevent weeds from growing through gravel and stops the gravel from sinking into soft soil. Use commercial-grade woven fabric for driveways and standard non-woven fabric for decorative areas.
How much does gravel cost per ton?
Gravel typically costs $15-$75 per ton depending on type and location. Basic crushed gravel is $15-$30/ton, pea gravel is $25-$50/ton, and decorative river rock is $40-$75/ton. Delivery adds $50-$150 per load.
Can I spread gravel myself?
Yes, spreading gravel is a common DIY project. You will need a wheelbarrow, rake, and ideally a plate compactor (available for rent). One cubic yard weighs about 2,800 lbs, so plan for significant physical labor or use a small tractor.